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Regional water quality guide

Tap Water in East of EnglandPFAS notice

East of England water is hard to very hard (200–360 mg/L CaCO₃). Supplied by Anglian Water, Essex & Suffolk Waterand others. Enter your postcode for your exact zone report.

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Water hardness
Hard To Very Hard
PFAS notice active
Water companies
Anglian Water, Essex & Suffolk Water, Cambridge Water, Affinity Water
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Main water sources
chalk aquifers of the East Anglian Chalk, the driest region …
Surface & groundwater

The East of England — covering Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, and parts of Lincolnshire — is served primarily by Anglian Water (the largest geographic water company in England and Wales), Essex & Suffolk Water, Cambridge Water, and Affinity Water. The region is England's driest, receiving some of the lowest annual rainfall in the country, and depends heavily on groundwater abstraction from the chalk and limestone aquifers that underlie the region.

The East of England has some of the hardest tap water in the entire UK. Water hardness commonly exceeds 300 mg/L CaCO₃ across much of the region — Cambridge, Ipswich, and parts of Norfolk and Suffolk frequently see hardness above 320–360 mg/L. This extreme hardness is entirely natural, caused by the thick chalk formations of the East Anglian Chalk, through which groundwater percolates slowly, dissolving calcium carbonate over long periods. There is no treatment option that cost-effectively removes hardness on a regional scale — it can only be addressed at the point of use (water softener or RO filter).

Agricultural nitrates in the East of England

The East of England is one of the UK's most intensively farmed regions — arable crops dominate the landscape of Norfolk, Suffolk, Lincolnshire, and Cambridgeshire. Agricultural use of nitrogen fertilisers means nitrate leaches into groundwater, and some supply zones in the region have historically elevated nitrate concentrations. Anglian Water operates a nitrate removal plant at several locations to treat affected groundwater. Enter your postcode to check your zone's nitrate level.

PFAS in the East of England

Anglian Water and Essex & Suffolk Water both hold active DWI PFAS improvement notices. Cambridge Water has also been subject to monitoring. The chalk aquifer is particularly vulnerable to PFAS accumulation — it is a long-residence aquifer, meaning water can take decades to move through, and PFAS that entered the aquifer from industrial or agricultural sources years ago are only now being detected in supply wells.

Water companies in East of England
Major cities in East of England
Frequently asked questions
Is East of England tap water safe to drink?

Yes. Tap water in East of England is safe to drink. UK tap water is subject to rigorous regulation and testing. Over 99.9% of samples pass legal standards each year. Enter your postcode above for your specific zone's data.

Is East of England water hard or soft?

East of England has hard to very hard (200–360 mg/L CaCO₃) water. Heavy limescale on appliances is expected. A water softener or RO filter is strongly recommended.

Which water companies serve East of England?

East of England is served by: Anglian Water, Essex & Suffolk Water, Cambridge Water, Affinity Water. Enter your postcode to identify your exact water company.

Does East of England tap water have PFAS?

East of England has water companies with active DWI PFAS improvement notices. Enter your postcode to check your zone.

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